Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Introduction To Software Quality Assurance 1. Contrast with: quality control 1. The developing organization may also have a standard set of quality goals, in a quality policy statement, which can form the basis for these definitions. I formatted the text to highlight certain parts.
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An Introduction to Software Quality. Like Print Bookmarks. Apr 06, 2 min read by Abel Avram. Chappell distinguishes four attributes of this type of software quality: The software meets the specified requirements It has few defects It has reasonable performance It is easy to learn and use Structural quality measures how well the software is organized, being defined by the following attributes: Code testability Code maintainability Code understandability Code efficiency — does it manage resources efficiently?
Code security — does it prevent common security threats? Such quality defects have the following impact on the business over time, according to Chappell: Financial losses due to lost business Financial losses due to reparations needed to be performed Financial losses due to lost customers Financial losses due to legal lawsuits Brand value losses Lack of quality in internally facing software can lead to the following outcome over time: Slower user adoption Reduced business benefits More challenges for IT leaders Lower brand equity for the IT department Greater chances for outsourcing the software All three quality aspects need to be attended to — functional, structural, process — both for internally or externally facing software in order to reach a successful outcome.
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TB and Resistance 1. Biological Characteristics and Condition of M. Stability, on the other hand, does not means that the software never changes, It means that there is a low risk of a modification to the software having unexpected effects.
Portability: Availability of the software to be transferred to a different environment. Portability sub characteristics: Adaptability, Install ability , Conformance and Replace ability. Conformance is distinguished from compliance relates to those standard that have bearing on portability. Replace ability refers to the factors that give upwards compatibility between old software components and the new ones.
Downwards compatibility is specifically excluded from definition. Quality Metrics selection: Measurements that correlate to the characteristics of each quality have to be identified. No specific guidance is given by ISO standard on the applicability of the various measurements that might be used. Rating Level Definition: The metrics used must be mapped onto scales that indicate the degree to which the requirement have been satisfied for example in one application time behaviour in the sense of response time might be important for a key transaction actual response time might be mapped onto quality scale.
Assessment criteria definitions: The way that the quality scores are combined or summarized or give an overall view of the product has to be defined.
There software product as now to be evaluated by measuring its qualities, converting them to quality score or rating and summarising them the rating to obtain an overall judgment. Practical software quality measures : Below are some way of measuring particular qualities. Reliability: might be measure in terms of Availability: the percentage of a particular time interval that a system is usable.
Means time between failures, the total service time divided by the number of failures Failure on demand: the probability that a system will not be available at the time required on the probability that a transaction will fail. Maintainability: This is closely related to flexibility the ease with which the software can be modified. The main deference is that before an amendment can be made, the fault has to be diagnosed.
Maintainability can therefore be seen as flexibility plus a new quality, diagnose ability which might be defined as the average amount of time needed to diagnose a fault. Extendibility: This is a component of the more general quality of flexibility. It can be defined as the productivity needed to incorporate a new feature into an existing system expressed as a percentage of the normal productivity when developing the software from scratch. It might be too late to do anything to remedy problems.
What would be more helpful to someone like Amanda the IOE would be measurement and other checks that can be take during development and that can help control what the final system will be like. The system development process in made up of a number of activities that are liked together so that the output from one activity is the input to the next step.
Thus, program testing will depend on there being a program to test that will be the product of the program coding stage. Errors can enter the process at any stage. They can be introduced either because of a defect in the way a process is carried out as when programmers make mistakes in the logic of their programs or because information has not been passed clearly and unambiguously between stages.
Errors that creep in at the early stages are more expensive to correct at late staves for the following reasons The later the error is found the more rework at more stages of development.
The general tendency is for each successive stage of development to be more detailed and less able to absorb change. Error should therefore be eradicated by careful examination of the products of each stage before they are passed on to the next. The following process requirement should be specified for each activity.
Entry requirement. Which have to be in place before an activity can start. Implementation requirement: Which define how the process is to be conducted. Exit Requirement. Which have to be fulfilled before an activity is deemed to have been completed. Standards such as the ISO such as the ISO series aim to ensure that a monitoring and control system to check quality is in place.
Capability process models Rather than just checking that a system is in place to detect faults, a customers might wish to check that a supplier is using a software development methods and tools that are like to produce good quality software. These levels are defined as. Level 1: Initial: The procedures followed tend to be haphazard. Some project will be successful, but this tends to be because of the skills of particular individuals including project managers.
This is no level 0 and so any organization would be at this level by default. Level 3 Defined: the organization have the way in which each task in the software development life cycle is to be done. Assessing software products: The concern in this section has so far been with the assessment of organization and the process that they used to produce software, but many purchases of software, including project managers contemplating the purchase of software tools are more directly worried about the quality of the software product itself.
Compliers for some programming languages for examples are subject to certification. Must progress however has still to be made in this area. Weinberg encouraged the simple practice of programmer looking at each other code.
Checking intermediate stages: It seem inherent in human nature to push forward quickly with the development of any engineered object until a working model, however imperfect has been produced that can then be debugged. One of the element of the move towards quality practices has been put emphasis on checking the correctness of work at its earlier conceptual stages. The push towards visibility can be increase by using walkthroughs, inspection and reviews.
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